In 1, 일찍(early) modifies the verb 일어났어요(got up), and 아마(maybe) modifies the verb 도착할 거예요(will arrive) in 2. In 3, 매우(very) modifies the adjective 맛있어요(delicious), and 약간(little) modifies the adjective 짜요(salty) in 4.
Three types of adverbs
Korean adverbs can be grouped into three types: sentential adverbs, conjunctional adverbs, and componential adverbs. Sentential adverbs modify a whole sentence. Conjunctional adverbs are those that connect two different sentences. Componential adverbs modify a specific part of the sentence such as verbs or adjectives. Consider the following sentences:
하여튼(anyway) is a sentential adverb since it modifies the entire sentence, 커피가 아주 뜨거웠어요(the coffee was very hot). 아주(very) is a componential adverb since it specifically modifies the adjective 뜨거웠어요(was hot). 그리고(and) is a conjunctional adverb since it connects two sentences.
Examples of sentential adverbs include the following:
Examples of conjunctional adverbs include:
There are three groups of componential adverbs depending on what kind of relation they modify, such as manner, temporal relations, and degree. First, manner adverbs express some relation of manner, for example:
Time adverbs that concern temporal relations include the following:
Degree adverbs include the following:
However, when there is more than one componential adverb in a sentence, the adverbs tend to occur in the following sequence: time, degree, and manner, as shown below.
Notice that the first adverb is time adverb 항상(always), followed by the degree adverb 아주(very), and the manner adverb 많이(much).
Adverbials
In Korean, adverbs do not take any morphological variation. Those adverbs that take morphological variations are called “adverbial”. Consider the
following examples:
In 1, notice that 맛있게(deliciously) modifies the verb 먹었어요(ate), and 아름답게(beautifully) modifies 피어요(blossom) in 2. However, 맛있게 or 아름답게 are not adverbs but adverbials in Korean, since they are the results of the morphological variations:
Notice above that the adverbial form -게 is attached to the adjective stems. In Korean, one can change an adjective into an adverbial form by attaching to an adjective stem. Here are some more examples:
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Grammar for Intermediates
Nouns (명사)
Irregular verbs and adjectives (불규칙동사와 형용사)
Prenouns (관형사)
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Very nice post. I learned alot and i would like to add some.
ReplyDeleteHere is a list of most commonly used korean adverbs.
가끔 / 때로는 - sometimes
가볍게 - lightly
자연스럽게 - naturally
가장 - most
계속 - continuously
곧 - soon
그때는 - at that time, back then
나쁘게 - badly
누가 - who
단순히 - simply
더 - more
덜 - less
드물게 - rarely
때때로 / 종종 - occasionally
맛있게 - deliciously
몇이나 - how many
무려 - as many as
무례하게 - rudely
뭐 - what
바쁘게 - busily
밝게 - brightly
보통 / 대개 - usually
불과 - only
아름답게 - beautifully
아주/매우 - very
아직 - yet
안전하게 - safely
어느 - which
어디 - where
어떻게 - how
어렵게 - difficultly
언제 - when
언젠가 - some time
얼마나 - how much
엄청 - enormously
완전히 - perfectly
왜 - why
용기있게 - bravely
위험하게 - dangerously
이쁘게 - prettily
이제 - now
자주 / 흔히 - frequently
잘 - well
재미있게 - funny
절대 - never
절대로 - absolutely
조용하게 - quietly
지금 - now (time)
편하게 - comfortably
항상 - always
행복하게 - happily
korean adverb
Really really too much helpful 감사합니다🙏🙏
ReplyDeleteThank you so much.very helpful.
ReplyDelete감사합니다
ReplyDelete